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Fraud
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- 68% of South Africans are optimistic about their household finances in the next 12 months, despite persistent inflationary pressures
- 75% expect their household income to increase over the next year, but 36% expect to be unable to meet their bill and loan payments in full
- Younger generations show the strongest engagement with credit, with Gen Z and Millennials most likely to use buy now, pay later (BNPL) services.59% of consumers said they were targeted by fraud recently, with money/gift card scams the most reported scheme
South Africans are managing cost-of-living challenges with a blend of resilience and caution, according to TransUnion’s Q3 2025 Consumer Pulse Study*. The findings reveal that while inflation and affordability remain top concerns, many consumers are maintaining financial optimism while adopting protective behaviours, especially in credit usage and cyber security.
“South Africans are signalling confidence, but it’s a confidence shaped by awareness of risk,” said Ayesha Hatea, director of research and consulting at TransUnion. “Consumers are balancing optimism with caution, adjusting spending habits, making informed credit decisions, and staying vigilant to fraud.”
Financial Confidence, but Rising Costs
Nearly seven in 10 (68%) of South Africans are optimistic about their household finances over the next year, while 75% expect their income to increase during that period. However, this optimism exists alongside strain: 36% of consumers say they expect to be unable to pay at least one of their current bills or loans in full. South Africans were concerned about the impacts of price increases, most particularly for groceries (82%), utilities (60%), fuel for cars (52%) and medical care (52%).
Younger Generations Shape Credit Behaviour
Generational differences continue to define financial habits. Nearly half of Gen Z (18-28 years old, 48%) and Millennials (29-44 years old, 43%) reported they’ll apply for new credit or refinance existing credit in the next year, compared to far lower intent among Gen X (45-60 years old) and Baby Boomers (61-79 years old).
Younger consumers are also driving the adoption of buy now, pay later (BNPL) services with 55% and 59% of Gen Z and Millennials saying they’ve used BNPL in the last 12 months compared to 39% and 19% of Gen X and Baby Boomers, respectively. Overall, 15% of South Africans who have used BNPL in the last year said they did so to afford a larger purchase (furniture, appliances or cars), highlighting both its appeal and potential risks in a high-inflation environment.
Cautious Credit Intent Amid Affordability Pressures
While the vast majority of South Africans (93%) say that access to credit and lending products is important to be able to achieve their financial goals, many remain hesitant to take on new financial products. In fact, 38% said they’ll apply for new credit or refinance existing credit in the next year. Credit awareness among South African consumers remains strong, with 70% agreeing that access to credit can unlock new opportunities and improve quality of life.
This sentiment aligns closely with TransUnion’s financial inclusion priorities, particularly as alternative data becomes a more prominent tool in assessing creditworthiness. The study reveals that consumers are increasingly aware of how credit affects their daily lives, which highlights the importance of expanding access to credit through inclusive data strategies, especially for those traditionally excluded from formal financial systems.
Among those planning to apply for new or refinance existing credit in the next year, unsecured credit products such as personal loans (30%), new credit cards (29%) and BNPL services (22%) are the most popular credit types they said they’ll apply for. In contrast, a lower percentage said they’ll apply for secured credit options like a new car loan or lease (18%) or home loans (16%), highlighting a cautious approach to larger, long-term borrowing.
Nearly Two-Thirds Report Being Targeted with Fraud
Fraud attempts and scams remained high in Q3: 59% of South Africans said they were targeted by email, online, phone call or text messaging fraud in the last three months, the same percentage as Q2. Among those who said they were targeted, the most reported scheme was money/gift card scams (37%), with phishing (28%) and smishing (28%) also widespread.
With the persistence of attacks, consumers are proactively taking action. In fact, 54% of all surveyed said they changed passwords, 35% checked their credit report for any signs of fraudulent activity against their profile, and 27% modified their login to secure login without passwords options or added multi-factor authentication in the last 60 days in response to cyber security concerns.
“Fraudsters are evolving, and consumers are trying to keep pace,” said Hatea. “This is why education and accessible protection tools are so critical in building long-term trust in digital engagement.”
Consumers can get their free annual credit report from TransUnion here.
* TransUnion’s online survey of 966 South African adults was conducted June 17– 31, 2025.
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Three Simple Ways to Become Credit-Smart
Understanding your credit score isn’t just for people taking out big loans or mortgages, it impacts everyday financial opportunities. A healthy credit score can help you qualify for better intertest rates, faster approvals, and stronger protection against fraud by regularly checking your report. Learning how credit works – and sharing that knowledge – is one of the most powerful financial gifts you can give.
Why Knowing Your Credit Score Matters
Traditionally, your credit score is a snapshot of how well you have managed credit and debt in the past, based on the information in your credit report. Lenders, landlords, insurers, and even employers sometimes use it (or check related credit data) to assess risk. If your score is strong, you could qualify for better interest rates or favourable credit terms. But if it’s weak or contains errors, you might end up paying more or having applications declined.
But it’s not just about access. Reviewing your own credit report gives you valuable insight into your financial history. It shows you what accounts are open, whether payments were missed, and if any accounts were opened fraudulently in your name. That kind of awareness helps you move from being passive to active in managing your financial life.
This shift is already visible in South Africa. According to TransUnion’s Q3 2025 Consumer Pulse Study, 35% of respondents checked their credit report for signs of fraudulent activity, while 51% did so to improve their credit score.
Fatgie Adams, Head of Credit Risk Solutions at TransUnion, explains: “Understanding your credit report and score is one of the simplest yet most powerful ways to take control of your financial future.”
Given that many South Africans expect to apply for or refinance credit in the coming year (about 37%, according to the same study), knowing where you stand becomes even more critical.
Three Simple Ways to Understand Your Credit Score
Understanding your credit score doesn’t require fancy tools or technical knowledge. Here are three clear, practical steps to help you take charge:
1. Go Through Your Credit Report
Start by accessing your credit report, many credit bureaus or services offer free or low-cost access. Review the main sections carefully:
- Active accounts: Which credit lines or loans are currently open?
- Payment history: Were payments made on time, or were any missed?
- Credit inquiries: Who has recently requested access to your credit information?
- Balances vs. limits: How much of your available credit are you using?
Going through each section helps you spot errors (for example, an unexpected account) or identify areas for improvement. This simple exercise turns your credit score from a mystery number into a tool you can understand and manage.
2. Understand How Everyday Habits Affect Your Score
Many people assume a credit score is fixed, but it changes over time, and many factors are within your control:
- Pay on time: Late or missed payments often have the biggest negative impact.
- Use credit conservatively: Using less than 30% of your available credit generally helps your score.
- Avoid multiple new credit lines at once: Too many recent applications can signal risk to lenders.
- Be consistent: A steady, predictable credit history is viewed more favourably than big fluctuations.
3. Review Regularly to Catch Fraud or Changes Early
Credit monitoring isn’t just about improving your score it’s also a defence against fraud. Make it a habit to:
- Check your credit report every few months, or before major financial decisions.
- Look for new accounts you didn’t open.
- Check for unfamiliar credit enquiries.
- Compare balances against known credit limits.
- Dispute any suspicious entries promptly.
Treat reviewing your credit report as a financial hygiene routine, one that helps you catch issues early before they escalate. Adams adds: “Reviewing your credit report data regularly helps you see how daily decisions affect your score. That visibility lets you catch issues before they become serious.”
Why This Matters Beyond Individuals
Many South Africans continue to face challenges accessing formal credit and quality financial services. Traditional systems often feel exclusive, especially for underserved individuals and small businesses, because formal credit systems rely heavily on past borrowing behaviour as the main measure of creditworthiness.
According to TransUnion’s CreditVision® Telco Data Score modelling, over 1.4 million credit-invisible South Africans open new credit accounts each year, contributing to more than four million new accounts over the past three years. Yet traditional scoring models frequently fail to assess these consumers accurately, leaving over 16 million adults outside the formal credit system. Successfully integrating these and other excluded consumers into the economy could contribute an estimated R173 billion to South Africa’s GDP.
TransUnion is shifting the paradigm by embracing alternative data and developing new scoring models for example, using utility or mobile payment patterns (with user consent) to ensure that individuals who were once unclassifiable can now be assessed fairly and accurately. Its “Be the Reason Things Change” campaign responds to this need by equipping the public with practical tools, credit education, and the confidence to take charge of their financial futures.
“Greater credit visibility and education can lead to fairer interest rates, fewer surprises in loan applications, and stronger trust in financial systems,” says Adams. “When more people are credit-aware, lenders and markets work better too. Credit education is not a niche luxury; it’s a critical tool for building financial resilience and inclusion.”
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Suspected Digital Fraud Most Frequent at Account Login in South Africa, TransUnion Reports
- Money or gift card scams were the most prevalent fraud type from February to May 2025, reported by one-third (33%) of South Africans who said they were targeted with fraud
- Transactions with video gaming companies, where the consumer was in South Africa, were most suspected of digital fraud in the first half of 2025 among industries analysed
- Insurance sector experienced the largest increase in the volume of suspected digital fraud among industries analysed, over the study period
According to the newly released TransUnion® (NYSE: TRU) H2 2025 Update to the Top Fraud Trends Report, the rate of suspected digital fraud[1] was the highest in the consumer lifecycle at account login for South Africa with 2.6% of those types of transaction attempts when the consumer was in the country being suspected of digital fraud in the first half (H1) of 2025. This aligns with a global trend of fraud shifting to account takeover attempts which typically occur at login. Globally, 4.3% of account login transactions in H1 2025 were suspected of digital fraud.
The report, which draws on proprietary data from TransUnion’s global intelligence network from billions of transactions from over 40,000 websites and apps and a consumer survey across 18 countries, reveals that fraud is growing.
“South Africa stands at a critical juncture in its digital evolution where opportunity and vulnerability intersect. As the nation embraces rapid digital transformation, the surge in online activity has inadvertently opened new doors for fraudsters, whose tactics are growing more sophisticated by the day. This convergence of accelerated digital adoption, economic strain and criminal innovation has created a complex risk landscape,” said Amritha Reddy, senior director of fraud product management TransUnion Africa.
According to analysis of TransUnion’s customers in its global intelligence network, digital account takeover volume worldwide grew 21% year-over-year (YoY) from H1 2024 to H1 2025, signalling a rapid escalation. The volume of digital account takeovers surged 141% from H1 2021 to H1 2025, underscoring persistent rise of this fraud type over time and reflecting the increasing sophistication of fraudsters who exploit stolen credentials and bypass authentication systems.
"As account takeover fraud surges, businesses can no longer afford solely reactive defences,” said Reddy. “The growing sophistication of fraudsters demands a proactive investment in layered security and identity intelligence. In today’s threat landscape, protecting customer accounts is not just a priority, it’s a business imperative."
Highest Rate of Suspected Digital Fraud in Video Gaming
Among industries analysed globally, the video gaming sector recorded the highest percentage of suspected digital fraud attempts in the first half of 2025, reaching 13.5%. This represents a significant 28% rate increase compared to the same period in 2024, underscoring the growing vulnerability of this sector to fraudulent activity.
For transactions where the consumer was in South Africa, the rate of suspected digital fraud attempts from February to May 2025 was the highest in video gaming at 7.7%. The greatest increase in the volume of digital transactions suspected to be fraudulent over that time was in the insurance industry, with a 154% uptick.
Chart 2: Suspected Digital Fraud Attempts in South Africa, by Sector
| Industry |
Suspected digital fraud attempt rate H1 2025 |
Change in volume of suspected digital fraud attempts from H1 2024 to H1 2025 |
| Video gaming |
7.7% |
-1% |
| Insurance |
6.7% |
+154% |
| Communities (web properties like online forums and dating sites) |
3.2% |
-45% |
| Financial services |
3.0% |
-49% |
| Logistics |
2.1% |
-99% |
| Retail |
1.1% |
-57% |
| Telecommunications |
0.7% |
-96% |
Source: TransUnion global intelligence network
“As the risk from consumer scams threatens identity integrity, organisations should rely on a mixture of data, risk signals, technology and tools to prevent fraud,” said Reddy. “The Report highlights that business leaders rank[2] identity verification, device reputation and behavioural biometrics as the leading three fraud prevention technologies.
“Businesses and financial institutions should also invest in sustained education and awareness campaigns to mitigate against schemes like account takeovers. Preventing fraud must by necessity be a multi-pronged strategy, if businesses and consumers are to stay ahead of fraudsters whose strategies continue to evolve too,” she said. “By harnessing advanced technologies, fostering cross-sector collaboration, and prioritising consumer trust, South Africa can chart a path toward a secure and inclusive digital future.”
Consumer-Reported Exposure to Fraud Grows Amid Gaps in Awareness and Prevention
Globally, consumers continue to face a wide range of scams, with tactics often tailored to regional behaviours and vulnerabilities. TransUnion’s survey found that 48% of consumers surveyed globally reported being targeted by email, online, phone call or text messaging fraud from February to May 2025, with 59% of South Africans saying the same thing. Globally, 52% were unaware that they were targeted, as were 42% of South Africans, indicating potential fraud under-recognition and a gap in fraud awareness.
Consumers in five of the six African countries surveyed reported money or gift card scams as the most experienced fraud type. In South Africa money or gift card scams was the most common fraud type – reported by 33% of those who said they were targeted with email, online, phone call or text messaging fraud from February to May 2025. Among those South Africans who said they were targeted, the next most frequently reported scams were phishing (31%), smishing (30%), and vishing (29%), with these three designed to deceive individuals into giving up their valuable personal or financial information.
South Africa Saw the Greatest Percentage of Respondents in Africa Indicating They Fell Victim to Fraud from February to May 2025
| Country | Targeted and fell victim | Targeted but didn’t fall victim | Not targeted | Most reported fraud scheme |
| South Africa | 13% | 46% | 42% | Money/gift card |
| Kenya | 10% | 71% | 19% | Vishing |
| Zambia | 9% | 76% | 15% | Money/gift card |
| Rwanda | 9% | 49% | 42% | Money/gift card |
| Namibia | 8% | 57% | 35% | Money/gift card |
| Botswana | 6% | 68% | 26% | Money/gift card |
Source: TransUnion consumer survey
“As scammers continue to evolve their tactics to enrich themselves, it’s more important than ever for consumers to regularly review their credit reports to ensure all listed information is accurate,” said Reddy.”
TransUnion came to its conclusions about digital fraud and data breaches based on intelligence from its array of TransUnion fraud prevention solutions. To learn more about how TransUnion fraud prevention solutions can help businesses avoid fraud and prevent fraud losses, click here.
Specific country and regional data in the report includes South Africa, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Kenya, Mexico, Namibia, Nicaragua, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States and Zambia. Download the TransUnion H2 2025 Update to the Top Fraud Trends Report for more information and insights about the global fraud trends.
[1] Suspected digital fraud attempts reflect those which TransUnion customers determined met one of the following conditions: 1) denial in real time due to fraudulent indicators, 2) denial in real time for corporate policy violations, 3) fraudulent upon customer investigation, or 4) a corporate policy violation upon customer investigation.
[2] As found by TransUnion’s online business survey conducted from 29 May to 6 June 2025 in partnership with third-party research provider, Dynata. Findings were included in TransUnion’s H2 2025 Update to the Top Fraud Trends Report
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