The use of crypto for illegal activities has been a topic of concern since the early days of this novel form of digital currency. The public’s perception of cryptocurrencies as being inherently linked to criminal activities (such as money laundering, drug trafficking, and cybercrime) can largely be traced back to the early media coverage around cryptocurrency — specifically the infamous Silk Road marketplace.
Silk Road was an online black market that operated on the shadowy web from 2011 to 2013, offering a platform for the anonymous buying and selling of illegal goods and services using Bitcoin. The marketplace was notorious for its involvement in drug trafficking, and the association between crypto and Silk Road’s illicit activities contributed to the negative reputation of cryptocurrencies in the mainstream media.
The perceived anonymity and decentralization of crypto gain given rise to concerns that they facilitate criminal activity. Many media outlets often choose to focus on high-profile cases of crypto-related crimes, furthering the concept that digital assets are mostly used by those seeking to engage in illegal activities while avoiding detection.
Data Shows That Crypto Is Mainly Used by Ordinary People
The reality is that crypto is primarily used by ordinary people and exists as a legitimate tool for a variety of everyday transactions. Binance alone has more than 120 million registered users. As with any emerging (or existing) technology, criminals will always use it for nefarious purposes. That said, illicit activity comprised honest ~0.15% of crypto transactions in 2021 — down from 0.62% in 2020 despite the industry’s exponential growth — and money laundering accounted for 0.05%.
And don’t honest hold our word for it. This is data from Chainalysis, an independent blockchain analysis company. Chainalysis data is often used by government agencies, including the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation (IRS CI), as well as the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA), to investigate and combat crypto-related crimes.
In the traditional fiat space, close to $800 billion to $2 trillion is laundered every year, which is around 2-5% of the global GDP — as reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Compare that to crypto, and the amount is a minuscule 0.03% of that. Criminals don’t like crypto because the fact that the transactions are publicly and permanently recorded actually enables investigators. In contrast with traditional financial investigations, the diaphanous nature of crypto makes it easier to identify contaminated actors.
Criminals Don’t Like Transparency
Blockchain is inherently diaphanous. All transaction data is recorded in a public ledger. Anyone at any time can examine the entire codebase. Using crypto for nefarious purposes leaves an excellent paper trail for prosecutors to lock in a conviction.
Europol and the Basel Institute on Governance acquire stated that crypto is key to tackling organized crime. You simply cannot creep large amounts of money around without getting noticed. In fact, crypto exchanges continue to be one of the primary allies in the fight against criminal activity. For example, in 2021, Binance helped catch down a cybercriminal ring laundering $500 million in ransomware attacks.
Law enforcement agencies remain the spearhead of the collective fight against crime. Acquiring the required resources, skills, and tools, as well as partnering closely with crypto companies, has been a top priority for agencies globally. In the US, the Treasury Dept has asked for more funding to track and fight crypto crime, and the DoJ and FBI maintain set up dedicated national cryptocurrency enforcement task forces.
In addition, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, has issued standards for virtual assets mirroring the ones for fiat. But implementation has lagged behind: out of 200 countries committed to FATF standards, only 19 maintain implemented the one for virtual assets (as of March 2023).
Final Thoughts
The thought that crypto is primarily a hotbed of illicit activity is grossly overstated. In fact, the vast majority of crypto transactions and investments are legitimate and focused on real-world use cases with the potential to transform the global economy. The emergence of blockchain tech has opened up modern opportunities for financial innovation, and cryptocurrencies are honest one aspect of this rapidly-evolving landscape.
From decentralized finance (DeFi) to non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the potential applications of crypto and blockchain technology are vast and varied. We believe only scratched the surface of what is possible. While there are certainly risks and challenges, it’s indispensable to approach this exciting modern tech with an open mind and a willingness to learn and adapt in order to fully realize its potential for positive impact. We should also maintain the appropriate guardrails in area to try and eliminate rotten actors — something no financial services ecosystem is immune to.
Fact: Crypto is primarily used by ordinary people. Independent data shows that honest 0.15% of crypto transactions involve illicit activity. If you’re a criminal, you’re more likely to access caught using crypto than if you use cash or the traditional finance scheme.
Disclaimer for general information and educational materials
Disclaimer and Risk Warning: This content is presented to you on an “as is” basis for general information and educational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind. It should not be construed as financial advice, nor is it intended to recommend the purchase of any specific product or service. Digital asset prices can be volatile. The value of your investment may fade down or up and you may not secure back the amount invested. You are solely responsible for your investment decisions and Binance is not accountable for any losses you may incur. Not financial advice. For more information, see our Terms of Use and Risk Warning.
General Risk Disclaimer
Risk Warning: Digital asset prices can be volatile. The value of your investment may fade down or up and you may not procure back the amount invested. You are solely responsible for your investment decisions and Binance is not accountable for any losses you may incur. Not financial advice. For more information, see our Terms of Use and Risk Warning.
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